From between 2 and a half and 3 most young children are beginning to use symbols to represent objects, are using most mature language and their memory and imagination is developing.
During this stage young children do not yet understand concrete logic and are usually unable to differentiate between what is real and make-believe play. They often give non-humane items human traits, e.g. if a child trips over a chair he will place blame on the chair for tripping him up.
They are still very egocentric and are generally unable to understand the point of view of other people. They see the world entirely from their own perspective, which means that a child's explanation of events to an adult can be very uninformative, yet highly entertaining1
Young children are beginning to be able to concentrate for longer periods of time. They are typically asking lots of questions such as "how come" or "why" as they try to understand why things are the way they are.
By school age many young children will know their colours, be able to match shapes, count up to five, be able to recite the alpahbet and recognise, and in some cases write, their own name. They are beginning to understand the concept of time better and usually have a concept of yesterday, today and tomorrow.
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